| Some historical facts... | |
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| During the confrontation between the two major parties of Genova, the Gibelins (pro-Emperor) and the Guelfes (pro-Pope), Monaco has been in the middle of many struggles. | |
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| 1215 | A castle is built by the Gibelins where the Palace is located. |
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| January 1297 | A Guelfe, François Grimaldi, takes control of this castle by disguising himself as a monk. This episode will be immortalised by the Grimaldi’s coat of arms, which represents two monks holding spades. |
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| 1489 | Charles VIII, King of France, and the Duke of Savoy recognise the independence of Monaco, which included both the Lordship of Menton and of Roquebrune. |
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| 1612 | Honoré II, Lord of Monaco, receives the title of Prince of Monaco. |
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| 1641 | An alliance is signed with France, which gives to the Prince of Monaco some French lands such as the Marquisat des Baux and the Lordship of Saint Rémy. Today, Prince Albert of Monaco is Marquis des Baux. |
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| 1793 | The Principality is reunited to the republic of France by the leaders of the french revolution, under the name of Fort Hercules, district of France. The Prince’s family is arrested, the palace is abandoned to beggars. |
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| 1814 and 1815 | the Grimaldis are re-established and the Principality is put under the protection of the King of Sardinia. |
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| 1861 | Monaco gains back its independence. |
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| 1918 | A treaty is signed with France, which guarantees that the French will defend Monaco’s sovereignty. |
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| 1993 | On May 23rd, the Principality of Monaco becomes the 183th member of the United Nations Organisation. |
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